rock64手动安装nextcloud并恢复数据
去年闲鱼入了一个rock64 1GB版
,刷了OMV的镜像,又安装了nextcloud
做私有云来备份手机和pad上的照片、视频等。但后来就隔三差五就宕机,查系统日志也查不出原因,有时候系统会打印一些php什么failed的信息,我怀疑可能是php引起的系统崩溃,毕竟openmediavault
和nextcloud
都是php写的,而且openmediavault
环境自带,我又安装了nextcloud
会不会有什么冲突?我也不确定是不是软件引起的,或者可能硬件本身问题,毕竟闲鱼入的。最近实在忍受不了每次宕机,趁周末重装一下。
OMV系统是基于debian9的,这次索性不用debian了,也不刷应用定制的系统(MOV、nextcloudpi),直接烧了ubuntu镜像,然后需要什么再自己安装。
备份数据
由于我想要重装nextcloud但又不想丢失之前的数据,所以需先备份一下
# 备份数据库
sudo mysqldump --databases nextcloud >/data/backup/nextcloud.sql
# 备份nextcloud配置文件
sudo cp /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php /data/backup/
nextcloud在这种arm板上其实用sqlite,可以少占用些资源,但多用户同时操作是会锁表(sqlite是表级锁)影响体验。
备份了数据库后还需备份nextcloud的data文件夹,由于我将data文件夹软链到了外置硬盘上,数据倒在外置硬盘所以不用再备份了。
烧录系统
很简单使用Etcher选择镜像文件和目标sd卡,然后等待烧录完成即可。
镜像下载地址:
https://github.com/ayufan-rock64/linux-build/releases/
bionic是ubuntu18.04,stretch为debian9。我用的bionic-minimal-rock64-0.7.11-1075-arm64.img.xz
安装系统更新
首先先修改apt源(国外源速度太慢)
打开/etc/apt/sources.list
,将里面的ports.ubuntu.com
全部改为mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
deb http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ayufan/rock64-ppa/ubuntu bionic main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ayufan/rock64-ppa/ubuntu bionic main
清华大学镜像站:https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/,ubuntu-ports即为ubuntu arm源。
获取更新并升级到最新
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
在更新或者安装软件包的时候会报如下错误
dpkg-deb (subprocess): decompressing archive member: lzma error: unexpected end of input
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess <decompress> returned error exit status 2!
只要使用sudo apt install -f
安装依赖,然后在upgrade
或者install
即可。
挂载外置硬盘
查看外置硬盘的UUID
sudo blkid
修改/etc/fstab
开机自动挂载
UUID=987afc86-8f1b-4a4a-b6af-17d49160e2dd /data ext4 defaults 0 1
挂载硬盘
sudo mount -a
安装配置nextcloud并恢复数据
官方文档:
https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/15/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#example-installation-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-server
安装nginx和mysql
apt install nginx
apt install mysql-server mysql-client
安装php相关包
apt-get install php7.2-gd php7.2-json php7.2-mysql php7.2-curl php7.2-mbstring
apt-get install php7.2-intl php-imagick php7.2-xml php7.2-zip
# fpm
apt isntall php7.2-fpm
下载nextcloud,如果是迁移,需下载与之前版本一致,否则可能出现问题,因为我之前已经将nextcloud升级问最新版,所以我这里下载的也是最新版(15.0.4)。
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-15.0.4.zip
# 解压并移入/var/www/
unzip nextcloud-15.0.4.zip
sudo mv nextcloud /var/www/
# 软链外置硬盘data
sudo ln -s /data/nextcloud/ /var/www/nextcloud/data
# 赋予nextcloud文件夹755权限
sudo chmod 755 -R /var/www/nextcloud/
恢复mysql备份
sudo mysql
# 为nextcloud创建数据库
> CREATE DATABASE `nextcloud` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 ;
# 创建mysql用户rock64,密码为123456
> CREATE USER 'rock64'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
# 将数据库nextcloud所有权限分配给用户rock64
> GRANT ALL ON nextcloud.* TO 'rock64'@'%';
# 恢复数据
sudo mysql nextcloud < /data/backup/nextcloud.sql
配置fpm,新建文件/etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/nextcloud.conf
,写入以下配置
[nextcloud]
listen = /var/run/php/php7.2-fpm-nextcloud.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0600
user = www-data
group = www-data
; Process manager
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
pm.max_requests = 0
; php.ini
php_flag[display_errors] = Off
php_flag[html_errors] = On
php_value[max_execution_time] = 30
php_value[memory_limit] = 128M
php_value[post_max_size] = 8M
php_value[upload_max_filesize] = 2M
; extra options
clear_env = no
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp
重启fpm
service php7.2-fpm restart
将nextcloud配置文件拷贝到项目
sudo cp /data/backup/config.php /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php
如果新环境配置有变化需修改对应配置,我这边数据库user变化,因为之前安装nextcloud是使用的setup-nextcloud.php
在web页面安装的,它为我自动创建了名为oc_admin的用户。所以得修改一下配置
...
'dbuser' => 'rock64',
'dbpassword' => '123456',
...
配置nginx,官方文档:https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/15/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html
创建新配置文件/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/nextcloud
,写入以下配置,将证书文件位置和server_name、监听端口改为自己的即可
upstream php-handler {
#server 127.0.0.1:9000;
server unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm-nextcloud.sock;
}
server {
listen 4443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:4443 ssl http2;
server_name your_domain;
# Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
# https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
# NOTE: some settings below might be redundant
ssl_certificate /home/rock64/certbot-async/letsencrypt/cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /home/rock64/certbot-async/letsencrypt/privkey.pem;
# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
# topic first.
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer;
# Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
# Path to the root of your installation
root /var/www/nextcloud/;
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json last;
# The following rule is only needed for the Social app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
# rewrite ^/.well-known/webfinger /public.php?service=webfinger last;
location = /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 /remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 /remote.php/dav;
}
# set max upload size
client_max_body_size 512M;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;
location / {
rewrite ^ /index.php$request_uri;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|ocs-provider\/.+)\.php(?:$|\/) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
#Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|\/) {
try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
# Adding the cache control header for js and css files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
# have those duplicated to the ones above)
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
# this topic first.
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer;
# Optional: Don't log access to assets
access_log off;
}
location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
# Optional: Don't log access to other assets
access_log off;
}
}
重启nginx
service nginx restart
然后就可以在局域网访问访问nextcloud来管理文件了,nextcloud有各平台的app,可以配合使用。做了外网映射和ddns后,我们就可以在外网访问家里的nextcloud,实现了自己的私有云。这我就不多说了,本文主要介绍重装和恢复数据。
安装其他实用工具
由于怀疑可能OMV导致系统奔溃,而且OMV只是一个界面化的工具,作为一个程序员来说,命令行都可以来配置,且我只有一块硬盘也不做raid备份啥的,所以就没有安装OMV,安装常用工具即可。
安装samba局域网共享
sudo apt install samba
创建samba用户
sudo smbpasswd -a rock64
修改/etc/samba/smb.conf
,在最后添加以下配置
[rock64]
comment = samba home directory
path = /data/samba
public = yes
browseable = yes
public = yes
read only = no
valid users = rock64
available = yes
重启samba服务
service smbd restart
安装youtube-dl、aria2等常用下载工具
安装youtube-dl
sudo curl -L https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
安装aria2
sudo apt install aria2
使用youtube-dl和aria2下载的时候我们可以使用nohup
来后台下载,如
nobup aria2c https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-15.0.4.zip &